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Plain gelatin meijer8/17/2023 ![]() ![]() It suggests that tree labels across the National Mall might be better coordinated between collections and concludes that the history of tree planting on the National Mall could be one educational part of this long-standing, but under recognized, arboretum.They’re flawless on their own as a self-contained lunchbox snack. Through archival research and a contemporary field survey of tree labeling, this paper documents the history of arboreta on the National Mall and presents the present day systems of labeling from garden to garden. While some of these 19 th century efforts were greatly altered through the work of the McMillan Commission in the early 20 th century, over the past several decades, the activity of collecting and labeling a great variety of trees for the education of the public has increased (Ottesen, 2011). Botanic Garden, started planting trees in 1816 (Fallen, 2007) Andrew Jackson Downing's designs, implemented in the 1850s, created a " museum of trees and shrubs " for the enjoyment and education of people (Ottesen, 2011) and Frederick Law Olmsted reshaped and planted Capitol Hill, labeling the trees in the manner of an arboretum (Choukas-Bradley, 2008). The notion of an arboretum in the heart of Washington is not new: George Washington initiated it with his 1796 proposal to plant trees from all thirteen states in the nation's new capital (Wulf, 2011) the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, the forerunner of the U.S. Capitol Grounds, and questions how these individual tree collections might together better form an arboretum at the center of the nation's capital. This paper examines the labeling of trees on the National Mall, specifically at the United States Botanic Garden, Smithsonian Gardens, the United States Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. This is one of three complementary articles on the history, conservation, and use of the Lewis and Clark Herbarium. New information is gleaned from archival records and other primary sources. The history presented here focuses upon the plants after their arrival from the field, from 1805 to 2002. Conservational efforts in the herbarium are the culmination of nearly two centuries of varied use and storage of these plant specimens, providing for their continued viability as a unique historical and scientific resource. It is a working scientific collection, which has attained the status of a national icon for its association with the famous explorers. The herbarium is an "American Treasure," a recipient of federal and private sector funding in the Save America's Treasures program, to preserve it for future uses and to make the information it contains available to all. This constitutes 96 percent of the plant specimens known to survive from the first exploration of the Louisiana Territory and the uncharted realm of the American Northwest in 1804-1806. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia holds the Lewis and Clark Herbarium, containing 222 sheets of pressed plants collected during the explorations led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. More seriously, we found 4 basionyms of accepted species being overlooked in a major floristic treatment. As regional floras are highly important for taxonomic practice, we investigated the number of overlooked names and found that 78 basionyms were omitted at least once in the eight regional treatments surveyed. During the course of our work, we found 30 legitimate basionyms of non-cultivars that have been consistently overlooked since their original descriptions, when compared with the latest checklists and floristic treatments. ovalifolia (H.J.P.Winkl.) Holstein & Weigend comb. Furthermore, we consider Carpinus hwai Hu & W.C.Cheng to be a synonym of Carpinus fargesiana var. Cultivars are listed if validly described under the rules of the ICN. We present an updated checklist with publication details and type information for all accepted names and the vast majority of synonyms of Carpinus and Ostrya, including the designation of 54 lectotypes and two neotypes. These are based on 175 (plus 16 Latin basionyms of cultivars) and 21 legitimate basionyms, respectively. Currently, 43 species of Carpinus (58 taxa including subdivisions) and 8 species of Ostrya (9 taxa including sudivisions) are recognized. Hornbeams (Carpinus) and hop-hornbeams (Ostrya) are trees or large shrubs from the northern hemisphere. ![]()
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